Inappropriate Ambulance Use: A Qualitative Study of Paramedics' Views

INTRODUCTION Existing studies of inappropriate ambulance use focus on its extent, employing clinical criteria. Little is known about how front-line paramedics assess appropriateness. This study investigates how paramedics view and judge appropriate versus inappropriate ambulance use. METHODS We conducted interviews with 19 paramedics working in two regions in southwestern Ontario that were analyzed using grounded theory methods. FINDINGS While blatantly "inappropriate" use is extraordinary, "misuse" is more common, and paramedics determine misuse largely by interpreting patients' abilities to cope with their situations. Paramedics assess this using multiple patient attributes: patient's age, knowledge of the system, system failures, social support available, presence of transportation alternatives, patient's ability to walk and trial of treatment with home remedies. CONCLUSION In the future, paramedic-informed, contextual and non-clinical criteria might supplement clinically based criteria for emergency service-use evaluation and may inform more patient-centred policy interventions to reduce ambulance misuse and inappropriate use.